Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, affecting both men and women. It is caused by a microbe named Chlamydia trachomatis, a gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium. While it often goes unnoticed due to its asymptomatic nature, understanding the signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection in men is crucial for early detection and treatment. This is also important because we want to avoid transmitting the infection to women, where it can have more serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

How common is chlamydia?

In 2021, the CDC registered 1,644,416 cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, making it the most reported Sexually Transmitted Infection for that year. Almost 58% of these case were individual aged 15-24.

Common Signs and Symptoms of chlamydia infection

1. Painful Urination: One of the hallmark symptoms of chlamydia in men is discomfort or a burning sensation during urination. This is often the first noticeable sign of an infection. It is caused by inflammation in the male urethra, a condition called urethritis. This symptoms can easily be confused with a cystitis, which is a bladder infection.
2. Unusual Discharge: Chlamydia can cause an abnormal discharge from the penis, which may be white, cloudy, or clear. This is usually the sign that tips the physician toward a STI diagnosis.
3. Itching or Irritation: Men with chlamydia may experience itching or irritation in the genital area, particularly around the opening of the urethra. This discomfort can range from mild to severe.
4. Rectal Symptoms: If engaged in anal sex, men can contract chlamydia in the rectum. Symptoms may include rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding. These symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions but should be promptly evaluated.
5. Testicular Pain: Chlamydia can lead to epididymitis, which is the inflammation of the tubes connected to the testicles. This can result in testicular pain and swelling, which should be taken seriously.
6. Sore Throat: Although less common, chlamydia can infect the throat if oral sex is involved. Symptoms may include a sore throat or mild discomfort in the throat area.
7. Conjunctivitis (Eye Infection): In rare cases, chlamydia can infect the eyes if infected fluids come into contact with them. This can lead to eye redness, discharge, and irritation.

The Importance of Early Detection of chlamydia

It’s crucial to emphasize that chlamydia often presents with mild or no symptoms at all in both men and women. This “silent” nature of the infection is why regular STI testing, especially for those who are sexually active or have multiple partners, is essential.

Untreated chlamydia infections can lead to serious health complications, including infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and an increased risk of contracting and transmitting other STIs, including HIV.

Who should be screened for chlamydia?

Men are not usually screened for chlamydia (and gonorrhea infection) because there is not sufficient evidence to assess the benefits and risks. However, screening is recommended for all sexually active women younger than 25 years should be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia every year. Women 25 years and older with risk factors such as new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STD should also be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia every year.

To conclude

Understanding the signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection in men is vital for early detection and treatment. If you or your partner experience any of the mentioned symptoms or suspect a chlamydia infection, seek medical advice promptly. Chlamydia is easily treatable with antibiotics, and early intervention can prevent severe health issues.

Remember, practicing safe sex and getting regular STI screenings are essential steps to protect your sexual health and that of your partners. Don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional if you have concerns about chlamydia or any other STI-related matters. (Real also: Five sexually transmitted infections that cause genital ulcers.)

Yours in good health

MDLINE HEALTH