Vaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection caused primarily by the overgrowth of a yeast called Candida albicans, or Candida glabrata in 10% of cases. Candida is a normal part of the vaginal flora, living in harmony with other microorganisms. However, when the balance of the vaginal microbiome is disrupted, Candida can multiply excessively, leading to infection. It’s a similar pathogenesis as the one leading to bacterial vaginosis. It is responsible for a third of all cases of vulvovaginitis in reproductive-aged women, and 70% of women report having had candidal vulvovaginitis at some point in their lifetimes.

Causes of vaginal candidiasis

Several factors can trigger an overgrowth of Candida in the vaginal area. Some common causes include:

1. Antibiotics: The use of antibiotics can disrupt the balance of the vaginal microbiome, killing off good bacteria that normally keep Candida in check.
2. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menstrual cycle, or menopause can alter the pH level of the vagina, creating an environment more conducive to Candida growth.
3. Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes can raise blood sugar levels, providing an ideal environment for yeast to thrive.
4. Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more susceptible to vaginal candidiasis.
5. Tight-fitting clothing: Wearing tight clothing or non-breathable fabrics can create a warm and moist environment, promoting yeast growth.

Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis

Recognizing the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis is crucial for seeking timely medical attention. The most common symptoms include:

1. Vaginal itching and irritation.
2. Abnormal vaginal discharge – typically white, thick, and resembling cottage cheese.
3. Burning sensation during urination or intercourse.
4. Redness and swelling of the vulva.
5. Discomfort and soreness in the vaginal area.

It is important to note that these symptoms can overlap with other vaginal infections or conditions, which is why a proper diagnosis from a healthcare professional is essential.

Debunking Myths

1. Vaginal candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI): While sexual activity can sometimes play a role in the transmission of candidiasis, it is not an STI. Candida is already present in the body, and the infection occurs when there is an overgrowth.
2. Poor hygiene is not the primary cause: Maintaining good genital hygiene is important, but it is not the primary cause of vaginal candidiasis. In fact, excessive washing or using harsh soaps can disrupt the vaginal flora, making matters worse.

Treatment and Prevention

The good news is that vaginal candidiasis is generally easily treatable and rarely causes serious complications. Treatment options may include:

1. Over-the-counter antifungal creams or suppositories.
2. Prescription-strength antifungal medications.
3. Oral antifungal medications for severe or recurrent infections.

To avoid vaginal candidiasis

1. Wear loose, breathable clothing and cotton underwear.
2. Avoid douching and harsh soaps in the vaginal area.
3. Practice good genital hygiene.
4. Manage underlying health conditions, such as diabetes.
5. Limit the use of antibiotics when not necessary

In conclusion, recognizing the signs of a potential vaginal yeast infection is the first step towards maintaining optimal vaginal health. However, self-diagnosis is not a substitute for professional medical guidance. Consulting a healthcare expert is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. By prioritizing your vaginal health and seeking timely medical attention when necessary, you not only address immediate concerns but also contribute to long-term prevention and effective management of vaginal candidiasis. Taking proactive steps towards understanding and caring for your body ensures a healthier, more comfortable life.

Yours in good health

MDLINE HEALTH