Living with herpes can be a challenging and frustrating experience. For many individuals, just when they think they’ve managed their herpes symptoms, the virus reappears. Recurrent herpes outbreaks can be distressing and impact one’s physical and emotional well-being.

Herpes is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). Both are closely related but differ in epidemiology. HSV-1 is traditionally associated with orofacial disease (keratitis, gingivostomatitis) whereas HSV-2 is traditionally associated with genital disease. Lesion location, however, is not necessarily indicative of viral type, as HSV-1 is associated with genital infections more often than HSV-2 in some unique subpopulations.

The common presentation is painful vesicles and ulcers, fever and swollen lymph nodes (See also: Genital herpes). When caught early, a course of anti-viral normally shortens the duration of the symptoms. However, herpes tends to come back. Why?

Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life. After the initial herpes infection, the virus enters a state of latency in sensory nerve cells near the site of the primary infection, namely the trigeminal nerve ganglion for orofacial disease, and sacral ganglion for genital disease. During this latent phase, the virus becomes inactive and does not cause any symptoms. However, the virus is not eradicated from the body but instead lies dormant until it is reactivated.

Triggers for Herpes Recurrence:

a) Weakened Immune System: A robust immune system plays a crucial role in keeping the herpes virus in check. When the immune system is compromised due to factors such as stress, illness, or other infections, the virus may reactivate and cause outbreaks.

b) Emotional Stress: Emotional stress and anxiety can negatively impact the immune system, making the body more susceptible to herpes recurrence.

c) Physical Trauma: Any trauma to the affected area, such as injury or surgery, can trigger a reactivation of the virus.

d) Hormonal Fluctuations: Changes in hormone levels, such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can influence the frequency of herpes outbreaks.

e) UV Exposure: Sun exposure or tanning beds can be a trigger for some individuals with oral herpes (cold sores).

f) Friction and Irritation: For those with genital herpes, friction and irritation in the genital area can lead to the reactivation of the virus.

In some cases, the herpes virus can develop resistance to antiviral medications prescribed to manage the infection. This resistance can lead to recurrent outbreaks that are difficult to control.

While the HSV remains in the body for life, antiviral medications, lifestyle adjustments, and stress reduction techniques can help minimize the frequency and severity of outbreaks. If you are living with herpes, know that you are not alone, and seeking support from healthcare professionals and support groups can aid in coping with the challenges of herpes recurrence and lead to a better quality of life. Remember, with proper management and care, it is possible to live a fulfilling life even while dealing with recurrent herpes outbreaks.

Yours in good health

MDLINE HEALTH